This is not a simple question. Evidence has shown that archery was fully developed in Africa at least 70,000 years ago. Because bows and arrows are made of wood, which is perishable in most climates and soils in Europe, very few really old archery artifacts survive.

The stone points of arrows, however, do survive and can tell archaeologists a lot about how they were used and which animals were targeted by early humans. Prior to 2022, the earliest evidence of archery outside of Africa dated to 48,000 years ago in Sri Lanka, where monkeys and squirrels were hunted.

New archaeological excavations at Mandrin Cave in France have shown that archery reached Europe at least 40,000 years earlier than was once thought. Archaeologists discovered a homo sapien tooth in a layer with 1,500 stone blades measuring 10-60 mm, many of which had a triangular shape. This is a very early technology in which flakes were broken off stones, such as flint and chert, creating very sharp edges and then hafted to arrows with very little reshaping.

Experiments with replicas of the microliths demonstrated they could have been deployed as part of bow and arrow technology. These studies confirm that bow and arrow technology reached Europe at least 54,000 years ago with a homo sapien population that was contemporaneous with the Neanderthal population who never developed mechanically-propelled weapons.

If you would like to read the report you can do so here: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj9496